meaning inimical, this refers to the unpleasantness of the swaras because two types of the same swara come close together. VivaaDi swaras are the 4 swaras other than the original 12 swarastaanas that make a total of 16 swarastaanas. These are shatsruti rishabam (R3), shuddha gaandhaaram (G1), shatsruti dhaivatam (D3), and shuddha nishaadam (N1). These swaras have the property of sometimes taking over the place of another swara. Thus sometimes R3 takes over G2, G1 takes over R2, D2 takes over N2, and N1 takes over D2. For this reason, these pairs are not found in the same melakarta, but even though they are unusually close to other swaras, they are found in 40 melakartas

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• Glossary: swara names
• Glossary: vaaDi
• Glossary: vaaDi mela
• Glossary: vivaaDi melas
• Glossary: nonvivaaDi