Pronunciation and Phonetics

Learning proper pronunciation can be done without much knowledge of phonetics, actually. A basic knowledge, however, helps to make pronunciation clearer and thus facilitates the process of learning how to speak a foreign language properly.

eAmbalam introduces a phonetic chart which is based on Dhevanagari script. The sounds of vowels and consonants and other speech sounds in Sanskrit and the languages which have completely or mostly borrowed from it can be covered with the help of the chart. A few other sounds common to some languages in this group and outside are also put in. Unique sounds of some languages are specified too.

Diacritical marks are used to aid perfect pronunciation. World over, these marks have been created and propagated by scholars to make understanding of the differences in speech sounds in different languages better. Team eAmbalam also has created a phonetic chart which helps even first timers to pronounce words accurately.

Our Phonetic chart is unique, comprehensive, learner friendly and is divided into four columns wherein:
  • In the first column, the letter is written with the associated diacritical mark.
  • In the second column, an example is given in Dhevanagari language containing the letter.
  • In the third column, an example is given in English, which contains the sound closes to the letter or instructions in few cases, to facilitate better understanding.
  • In the fourth column, an audio button is placed with the help of which you can hear the actual pronunciation of the letter.
An open minded approach with the above introduction and guidelines will definitely enable the user to understand the speech sounds of any language and pronounce it like a native, which is eAmbalam’s aim in this exercise.

  VOWELS  
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
A or a Aḍavu Arise
Ā or ā Ānanda Vast
I or i Indhira Sing
Ī or ī Īśha Meal
U or u U ṣhā Good
Ū or ū Ū rdhhva Boost
R or r Riṣh i Try
Ṛ or ṛ Ni ṛ uti Grr!
Lr or lr   Pronounce L and R together.
E or e Eka Ate
AI or ai Aikya Sight
O or o Ojas Robe
AU or au Audh ā rya Now
A M or am Śhiva m Drum
A HA or aha R ā ma ha Aha!
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
 

CONSONANTS
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
KA or ka Kavi Car
KHA or kha Khalu Mark -Him
GA or ga Gamana Gut
GHA or gha Ghata Ugh!
Ṅ A or ṅa Tura ṅ ga Ring
CHA or ca Chakra Chart
CHHA or cha Chhandas Branch
JA or ja Jagath Jug
JHA or jha Jhallari Fudge
NYA or nya Gnyana Knew
Ṭ A or ṭ Ṭ anka Top
ṬHA or ṭha Pāṭha Pothole
ḌA or da Ḍ amaruka Dog
Ḍ HA or ḍ ha Mūḍ ha Madhouse
Ṇ A or ṇ a Ga ṇ a Wander
THA or tha Thanu Health
THHA or thha Athha Theater
DHA or dha Dha śha This
DHHA or dhha Dhhana m Dha with an additional H sound
NA or na Namask ā raha Nut
PA or pa   Path ā ka Past
PHA or pha Phala m P with a H sound
BA or ba Bandhhu Ball
BHA or bha Bhadra Abhor
MA or ma Manas Money
YA or ya Yama Yummy
RA or ra Rajas Rub
LA or la Lath ā Lust
VA or WA, va /wa A śh va or A śhwa Water/Valour
ŚHA or śha Śhakthi Shutter
ṢHA or ṣ ha Ṣh a ṇ mukha Shunt
SA or sa Sarasvatī Sun
HA or ha Hari Hum
Ḷ A or ḷ a Ar āḷ a Bold
KṢHA or k ṣ ha Ak ṣh i Try to pronounce Ka, Sa & Ha – all at one time.
Extra Vowels in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam Scripts    
É or é Éṇi Angel
Ō or ō Ō m Ō M
ZHA Exclusive to Tamil & Malayalam Fold the tip of your tongue backwards and try to pronounce it with the aid of the audio button.
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English

Lyrics and Meanings (Keerthana)

Śhrī Purandharadhāsa was in a way, the founder of Kīrthana form which it its melody is based on technical compositions like Gītha whose purpose is to elucidate Rāga forms and Thāḷa patterns.

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Lyrics and Meanings (Keerthana)

Śhrī Purandharadhāsa was in a way, the founder of Kīrthana form which it its melody is based on technical compositions like Gītha whose purpose is to elucidate Rāga forms and Thāḷa patterns. The emphasis in the Kīrthanas is on its aesthetic excellence and that is why it is considered as the most important part of Karnātic classical music. It was the genius of Śhrī Purandharadhāsa that created Kīrthanas on the basis of which Kruthi form was evolved.

The great master composers who came after Śhrī Purandharadhāsa faithfully followed the tradition and form which he established. The Rāga and Thāḷa aspects are followed by composers like Dīkṣhitar and Śhāma Śhāsthri and purely Rāga aspects by composers like Kśhethragna. But it was Thyāgarāja who brought out the fullest measure all the three aspects – Rāga, Bhāva and Thāḷa of the tradition, founded by Śhrī Purandharadhāsa.

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Posted By: Administrator

RÄga:  

ThÄḷa: Ä€dhi

Composer: ThulasidhÄs

Language: Hindhi

Meanings-Word by word & Overall: R.Shankar, Krishnaa – Rasikas.Org

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

 

 

GÄyiye Gaṇapathi Jaga Vandhana
Åšhankar Suvana BhavÄni Nandhana||

Siddhi SÄdhan Gajavadhana VinÄyak
Kripa Sindhu Sundhara Sab LÄyak||

ModhakapriyÄ Amudha Mangal DhÄthÄ
VidhyÄ VÄridhhi Buddhi VidhÄtha||

MÄá¹…gathÄ ThulsidhÄs Kar Jore
Basa Hi RÄma Siya Manasa More||

 

 

Meanings:

 

GÄyiye Gaṇapathi Jag Vandhana
Åšhankar Suvana BhavÄni Nandhana||

 

GÄyiye - sing

Gaṇapathi Jag Vandhana - The names of that Gaṇapathi who is worshiped by the whole world
Śhankar Suvana - Gaṇapathi is the son of Śankara

BhavÄni Nandhana - and the beloved child of PÄrvathi

Please sing the praises of Gaṇapathi, who is worthy of being bowed to/prayed to by the entire world. He is the son of Parvathi and the brilliance of Śhiva.

 

Siddhhi Sadhan Gajavadhana VinÄyak
KrupÄ Sindhhu Sundhara Sab LÄyak||


Siddhhi -Of all the siddhhis;

Sadhan - he is the store house;

Gajavadhana VinÄyak  - he posses the face of an elephant, he is known as VinÄyaka;
KrupÄ Sindhhu  - he is the ocean of mercy;

 Sundhara - The beautiful one

Sab LÄyak  - who is worth in every way;

 

He is the embodiment/residence of accomplishment with a handsome elephant face the destroyer of obstacles and the repository of compassion His services are useful for everyone.

 

ModhakapriyÄ Amudha Mangal DhÄthÄ
BidhyÄ BÄridhhi Buddhi BidhÄtha||


ModhakapriyÄ  - he relishes the taste of the modhaka;

Mangal  - of all auspiciousness;
DhÄthÄ - he is the bestower;

VÄridhhi - he is the ocean;

VidhyÄ â€“ of knowledge;

Buddhhi - of intelligence;

VidhÄthÄ- creator


This lover of sweet-meats is the bestower of joy and auspiciousness. He is the creator of intelligence and an ocean of skill and knowledge.


MÄá¹…gathÄ ThulsidhÄs Kar Jore
Basahi RÄma Siya Manasa More||


MÄá¹…gathÄ - asks; ThulasidhÄs – the name of the poet

Kar Jore - With his palms folded
RÄma Siya - may RÄma and ŚīthÄ

Basahi  - Reside

More - In my

Manasa - Heart

 

ThulasidhÄs (the composer) requests with arms held together in supplication for RÄma and ŚīthÄ to reside in his mind for ever.

 

Posted By: Administrator

RÄga: PÄ«lu

ThÄḷa: Ä€dhi
Composer: ÅšhrÄ« PurandhharadhÄsa

Language: Kannaá¸a

Meaning – word by word: http://krithis-theirmeanings-thestories.blogspot.in

Meaning – overall: Team Ambalam
Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam



Pallavi

Gajavadhana Beá¸uve GaurÄ«thanaya

 

Anupallavi

Thrijagavandhithane Sujanara Porevane  

Charaṇam 1:

PÄÅ›hÄá¹…kuÅ›hadhhara Paramapavithra
MÅ«á¹£hikavÄhana Munijana Prema

 

Charaṇam 2:
Modhadi Ninnaya PÄdhava ThÅrÅ
SÄdhuvandhithane Adharadhindhali

Charaṇam 3:

SarasijanÄbha ÅšhrÄ« Purandhharaviá¹­á¹­halana
Nirutha Neneyuvanthe MÄá¸o


Meanings:

 

Pallavi

 

Gajavadhana Beá¸uve GaurÄ«thanaya

 

Beá¸uve - I pray to you;

Gajavadhana  - elephant faced;

Gaurī - Parvathi ;

thanaya- son;

 

I pray to you, the elephant faced son of Gaurī.

 

Anupallavi

Thrijagavandhithane Sujanara Porevane 

 

Porevane  - Protector  

Sujanara  - of good people

Vandhithane - and also worshipped  

Thrijaga - by three worlds

 

You are worshipped by the three worlds and are the protector of good people.

 

 

Charaṇam 1:

 

PÄÅ›hÄá¹…kuÅ›hadhhara Paramapavithra
MÅ«á¹£hikavÄhana Munijana Prema

 

Dhhara - Wearing/having  

PÄÅ›hÄá¹…a - Rope  

Paramapavithra  - immaculate/supreme
Prema  - Lovable  

Munijana  - By sages/ordinary people

MÅ«á¹£hikavÄhana  - travelling on mouse/rat  

 

You are the immaculate Supreme who holds the rope and the restraining hook. Your vehicle is a rat and you are lovable to the people and the sages.

Charaṇam 2:


Modhadi Ninnaya PÄdhava ThÅrÅ
SÄdhuvandhithane Adharadhindhali

ThÅrÅ - show

Ninnaya PÄdhava  - Your (Ninnaya) feet(PÄdhava)

Modhadi  - With affection
Adharadhindhali - respectfully  

Vandhithane - Worshipped  

SÄdhu - by holy men
 

Show your feet with affection and it will be worshipped respectfully by holy men.


 

 

Charaṇam 3:

 

SarasijanÄbha ÅšhrÄ« Purandhharaviá¹­á¹­halana
Nirutha Neneyuvanthe MÄá¸o

SarasijanÄbha - one with the lotus-navel; ÅšhrÄ« Purandhharaviá¹­á¹­hala - the Lord Purandhharaviá¹­á¹­hala
Nirutha – always;

Neneyuvanthe - Make me to remember; MÄá¸o – do;

 

Make me remember always the Lord Purandhharaviá¹­á¹­halana, who is the one with the lotus-navel.

Note: ViÅ›hṇu with the lotus navel is the father of BrahmÄ.

 

Interesting points from the songs : 

 

* "Purandara Vittala" is the mark of Shri Purandaradasa. One can see this in all his songs

* Purandaradasa asks Lord Ganesha, to give him strength and focus to sing about Lord Purandara!

* Lord Ganesh has "pasa" which is the noose - which is typically carried by the God of Death - yama. Here, He shows that he is beyond death and if you go to His feet, you don't have to worry about death.

* An elephant may be very big. But, it is controlled by the weapon : Go

 

1 Gāyiye Gaṇapathi click here
2 Gajavadhana Béḍuve click here












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