Pronunciation and Phonetics

Learning proper pronunciation can be done without much knowledge of phonetics, actually. A basic knowledge, however, helps to make pronunciation clearer and thus facilitates the process of learning how to speak a foreign language properly.

eAmbalam introduces a phonetic chart which is based on Dhevanagari script. The sounds of vowels and consonants and other speech sounds in Sanskrit and the languages which have completely or mostly borrowed from it can be covered with the help of the chart. A few other sounds common to some languages in this group and outside are also put in. Unique sounds of some languages are specified too.

Diacritical marks are used to aid perfect pronunciation. World over, these marks have been created and propagated by scholars to make understanding of the differences in speech sounds in different languages better. Team eAmbalam also has created a phonetic chart which helps even first timers to pronounce words accurately.

Our Phonetic chart is unique, comprehensive, learner friendly and is divided into four columns wherein:
  • In the first column, the letter is written with the associated diacritical mark.
  • In the second column, an example is given in Dhevanagari language containing the letter.
  • In the third column, an example is given in English, which contains the sound closes to the letter or instructions in few cases, to facilitate better understanding.
  • In the fourth column, an audio button is placed with the help of which you can hear the actual pronunciation of the letter.
An open minded approach with the above introduction and guidelines will definitely enable the user to understand the speech sounds of any language and pronounce it like a native, which is eAmbalam’s aim in this exercise.

  VOWELS  
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
A or a Aḍavu Arise
Ā or ā Ānanda Vast
I or i Indhira Sing
Ī or ī Īśha Meal
U or u U ṣhā Good
Ū or ū Ū rdhhva Boost
R or r Riṣh i Try
Ṛ or ṛ Ni ṛ uti Grr!
Lr or lr   Pronounce L and R together.
E or e Eka Ate
AI or ai Aikya Sight
O or o Ojas Robe
AU or au Audh ā rya Now
A M or am Śhiva m Drum
A HA or aha R ā ma ha Aha!
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English


CONSONANTS
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
KA or ka Kavi Car
KHA or kha Khalu Mark -Him
GA or ga Gamana Gut
GHA or gha Ghata Ugh!
Ṅ A or ṅa Tura ṅ ga Ring
CHA or ca Chakra Chart
CHHA or cha Chhandas Branch
JA or ja Jagath Jug
JHA or jha Jhallari Fudge
NYA or nya Gnyana Knew
Ṭ A or ṭ Ṭ anka Top
ṬHA or ṭha Pāṭha Pothole
ḌA or da Ḍ amaruka Dog
Ḍ HA or ḍ ha Mūḍ ha Madhouse
Ṇ A or ṇ a Ga ṇ a Wander
THA or tha Thanu Health
THHA or thha Athha Theater
DHA or dha Dha śha This
DHHA or dhha Dhhana m Dha with an additional H sound
NA or na Namask ā raha Nut
PA or pa   Path ā ka Past
PHA or pha Phala m P with a H sound
BA or ba Bandhhu Ball
BHA or bha Bhadra Abhor
MA or ma Manas Money
YA or ya Yama Yummy
RA or ra Rajas Rub
LA or la Lath ā Lust
VA or WA, va /wa A śh va or A śhwa Water/Valour
ŚHA or śha Śhakthi Shutter
ṢHA or ṣ ha Ṣh a ṇ mukha Shunt
SA or sa Sarasvatī Sun
HA or ha Hari Hum
Ḷ A or ḷ a Ar āḷ a Bold
KṢHA or k ṣ ha Ak ṣh i Try to pronounce Ka, Sa & Ha – all at one time.
Extra Vowels in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam Scripts    
É or é Éṇi Angel
Ō or ō Ō m Ō M
ZHA Exclusive to Tamil & Malayalam Fold the tip of your tongue backwards and try to pronounce it with the aid of the audio button.
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English

Lyrics and Meanings (Kautthuvam)

Kauthvam is an ancient piece of classical dance. It is a hymn, a song of devotion in praise of a deity.

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Lyrics and Meanings (Kautthuvam)

Kauthvam is an ancient piece of classical dance. It is a hymn, a song of devotion in praise of a deity. It was performed by the Dhevadhāsis as part of the daily rituals, on special occasions, or during the festivals. Kauthvams are usually composed in the name of a specific deity in a particular temple.There are many Kauthvams, written in praise of different deities – Naṭarājā, Viṣhṇu, Muruga, Vināyaka. In earlier times, the Naṭṭuvanārs used to start teaching compositions to the students with Vināyaka Kauthvam. Kauthvams have both rhythmic syllables as well as lyrics interspersed in between.

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Posted By: Administrator

Rāga: Hamsadhwani 

Thāḷa: Chaturaśhra Eka
Composer: Tanjore Quartette
Language: Thamizh(Tamil)

Meaning – Word by word

Meaning-Overall: Team Ambalam

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

 

 

|| Dhīm Dhīm Thakadhimi Dhimitha Dhimitha Kiṭa ||

|| Dhariguḍu Dharigugu Dhariguḍu Dhariguḍu ||

 

|| Thaddhīmtha Nakathari Kiṭa thaka Thaddhīmtha Thaddhīmtha ||

 

|| Thaṭavana Muni Jana Sakala Surāsura ||
|| Sannutha Pādha Kinkiṇi Jham Jham ||


|| Jhaṇa Jhaṇa Jhaṇa Jhaṇa Nūpura Laya Gathi ||
|| Khaṇa Khaṇa Khaṇa Khaṇa Vidhi Hari Sevitha ||


|| Thakkuḍu dhikkuḍu Thakathari Kiṭa thaka Thām Thatha ||

||thām thathaThakkiḍakiḍathaki Dharikiḍa Kiḍathaki||

||Thāṇḍa Dhigambara Dhikkiḍakiḍathaki Dhirikiḍakiḍathaki ||

||Vyāghra Charma Dhhara  Thomkiḍa Kiḍathaka Thonakiḍakiḍathaka ||

||Thriśhuladhhara Namkiḍakiḍathaki Namkiḍakiḍathaki ||

||Nandhi Vāhana  Nādhayoga Priya ||

 

|| Jaganamkidathaki Jaganamkidathaki Dhirikiduthakka Thai ||


|| Jaga Jaga Jaya Jaya Śhaśhi Ravi Bhūṣhaṇa ||
|| Rūpa Bhayaṅkara Ḍamaruga Hastha ||
|| Thruthīya Sahasra Dhikṣhithanātha ||

||Nateśha Kauthvam – Repeat jaga jaga...upto kauthvam Twice ||

 

|| Thakathaka Thām Dhikidhiki Thai Thakku Dhikku Thakkiṭa Thām||

|| Than Dhan Dham Kiṭa thaka Dhiggitthām Thattha Thām ||

|| Tha Tha Thām.... Tha Tha Thām.. Tha Tha || Thām

 

Meanings:


Thaṭavana Muni Jana Sakala Surāsura

Thaṭavana - Dense Forest;

Muni Jana - The Ascetics

Sakala - Entire; Sura - Dhevas ; Asura – Asuras

 

Note: Vanam Means Forest. Thaṭavanam Refers To The Dhāruka Vanam ;


In the dense forest, the sages, the Gods and the demons,

Sannutha Pādha Kinkiṇi

Sannutha - Sung / Glorified / Praised
Pādha - Feet;

Kinkiṇi - The bells (here,of the anklet)

 

Praising the feet with bells of the anklets


Nūpura Laya Gathi
Nūpuram - Anklet

Laya Gathi - tempo & gait of the rhythm

 

Tempo & gait of the rhythm of the anklet.

 Vidhi Hari Sevitha
Vithi - Brahma; Hari - Viṣhṇu;

Sevitha – Worshipped

 

Worshipped by Brahma and Viṣhṇu

Thāṇḍa Dhigambara
Thāṇḍa - One who performs the thāṇḍavam
Digambara - The space clad one

The space clad one who performs the thāṇḍavam.

Vyāghra Charmadhhara
Vyāghra - Tiger / Leopard;

Charma - Skin;

Dhhara - One who wears;
Triśhūladhhara - One who bears the trident;

Nandhi - One who has the bull; Vāhana –Vehicle

One who wears the tiger skin, bears the trident and has the bull for his vehicle.


Nādha Yoga Priya

Nādha Yoga  - music; Priya – fond of;

 

One who is fond of nādha yoga

 

Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Śhaśhi Ravi Bhūṣhaṇa
Jaya Jaya - Hail / Victory / Praise
Śhaśhi - Moon;

Ravi - The Sun;

Bhūṣhaṇa – Oranament


One who has the sun & moon as his ornaments.

Rūpa Bhayaṅkara Ḍamaruka Hastha

Rūpa - Form;

Bhayaṅkara - Awesome

Ḍamaruka - The Drum; Hastha – Hand

 

One who has an awesome form and holds the Ḍamaru in his hand.

Note: I would prefer to say awesome, though it might mean "fearsome", for can the divine create fear in you ever?? The Divine is perceived as the terrible by those who are not ready (their ego's are too small) or are not willing to accept (or take in) the overwhelming greatness of the divine.

Thruthīya Sahasra Dīkṣhitha Nātha Nateśha Kauthvam

Thruthīya Sahasra – Three thousand;

 Dhīkṣhitha – Ascetics; Nātha – Lord of

Nateśha - Naṭānām Iśha - The Lord Of Dancers. Can also be said as Naṭanam – Dance; Iśha – The Lord.

Naṭas - The practitioners of Nāṭya Vedha.

Kauthvam - prayer

 

This is the kautthuvam dedicated to the lord of the 3000 ascetics who is also the lord of dance and dancers.


Note:

        There is an episode when the Dhīkṣhithas of Dhāruka vanam conjure up a tiger to attack Śhiva - he kills the tiger, skins it, and wears the skin as his lower garment - Just as the real tiger skin repels any insects, so does this light repels any possible intrusions of the animal instincts and impulses.

 

 

 

1 Naṭeśha Kautthuvam click here












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