Pronunciation and Phonetics

Learning proper pronunciation can be done without much knowledge of phonetics, actually. A basic knowledge, however, helps to make pronunciation clearer and thus facilitates the process of learning how to speak a foreign language properly.

eAmbalam introduces a phonetic chart which is based on Dhevanagari script. The sounds of vowels and consonants and other speech sounds in Sanskrit and the languages which have completely or mostly borrowed from it can be covered with the help of the chart. A few other sounds common to some languages in this group and outside are also put in. Unique sounds of some languages are specified too.

Diacritical marks are used to aid perfect pronunciation. World over, these marks have been created and propagated by scholars to make understanding of the differences in speech sounds in different languages better. Team eAmbalam also has created a phonetic chart which helps even first timers to pronounce words accurately.

Our Phonetic chart is unique, comprehensive, learner friendly and is divided into four columns wherein:
  • In the first column, the letter is written with the associated diacritical mark.
  • In the second column, an example is given in Dhevanagari language containing the letter.
  • In the third column, an example is given in English, which contains the sound closes to the letter or instructions in few cases, to facilitate better understanding.
  • In the fourth column, an audio button is placed with the help of which you can hear the actual pronunciation of the letter.
An open minded approach with the above introduction and guidelines will definitely enable the user to understand the speech sounds of any language and pronounce it like a native, which is eAmbalam’s aim in this exercise.

  VOWELS  
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
A or a Aḍavu Arise
Ā or ā Ānanda Vast
I or i Indhira Sing
Ī or ī Īśha Meal
U or u U ṣhā Good
Ū or ū Ū rdhhva Boost
R or r Riṣh i Try
Ṛ or ṛ Ni ṛ uti Grr!
Lr or lr   Pronounce L and R together.
E or e Eka Ate
AI or ai Aikya Sight
O or o Ojas Robe
AU or au Audh ā rya Now
A M or am Śhiva m Drum
A HA or aha R ā ma ha Aha!
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English


CONSONANTS
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
KA or ka Kavi Car
KHA or kha Khalu Mark -Him
GA or ga Gamana Gut
GHA or gha Ghata Ugh!
Ṅ A or ṅa Tura ṅ ga Ring
CHA or ca Chakra Chart
CHHA or cha Chhandas Branch
JA or ja Jagath Jug
JHA or jha Jhallari Fudge
NYA or nya Gnyana Knew
Ṭ A or ṭ Ṭ anka Top
ṬHA or ṭha Pāṭha Pothole
ḌA or da Ḍ amaruka Dog
Ḍ HA or ḍ ha Mūḍ ha Madhouse
Ṇ A or ṇ a Ga ṇ a Wander
THA or tha Thanu Health
THHA or thha Athha Theater
DHA or dha Dha śha This
DHHA or dhha Dhhana m Dha with an additional H sound
NA or na Namask ā raha Nut
PA or pa   Path ā ka Past
PHA or pha Phala m P with a H sound
BA or ba Bandhhu Ball
BHA or bha Bhadra Abhor
MA or ma Manas Money
YA or ya Yama Yummy
RA or ra Rajas Rub
LA or la Lath ā Lust
VA or WA, va /wa A śh va or A śhwa Water/Valour
ŚHA or śha Śhakthi Shutter
ṢHA or ṣ ha Ṣh a ṇ mukha Shunt
SA or sa Sarasvatī Sun
HA or ha Hari Hum
Ḷ A or ḷ a Ar āḷ a Bold
KṢHA or k ṣ ha Ak ṣh i Try to pronounce Ka, Sa & Ha – all at one time.
Extra Vowels in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam Scripts    
É or é Éṇi Angel
Ō or ō Ō m Ō M
ZHA Exclusive to Tamil & Malayalam Fold the tip of your tongue backwards and try to pronounce it with the aid of the audio button.
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English

Lyrics and Meanings (Kautthuvam)

Kauthvam is an ancient piece of classical dance. It is a hymn, a song of devotion in praise of a deity.

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Lyrics and Meanings (Kautthuvam)

Kauthvam is an ancient piece of classical dance. It is a hymn, a song of devotion in praise of a deity. It was performed by the Dhevadhāsis as part of the daily rituals, on special occasions, or during the festivals. Kauthvams are usually composed in the name of a specific deity in a particular temple.There are many Kauthvams, written in praise of different deities – Naṭarājā, Viṣhṇu, Muruga, Vināyaka. In earlier times, the Naṭṭuvanārs used to start teaching compositions to the students with Vināyaka Kauthvam. Kauthvams have both rhythmic syllables as well as lyrics interspersed in between.

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Posted By: Administrator

Rāga:

Thāḷa:

Composer: Mutthumāri Piḷḷai

Language: Thamizh (Tamil)

Meaning– Word by word: Team Ambalam

Meaning - Overall:

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

 

Tha Dhi Thom Nam

Tha Dhi Thom Nam enḍroru Thāḷam

Thāḷa  - - -  - -

 

Othida Hāram Uḍaiyavar Āḍa
Urudhiyāi Vānavar Odhiḍave
Kundha Kukundha Kukundhari Kiḍathaka
Mutthu Māri Pillaiyār Naga Jaga

74 Chathuryugam eṅgum Muzhaṅgiḍa Thaṅga Padham Sadhuraṅgam Thoḍuṭidhum
Chakra Rāyan

Tharaṇi Āḷāṇḍavan Chathur Vedhan
Ilaṅgai Rāvaṇan Thulaṅgā Maḍiyave
Malaṅga Maḍuseidha Madhhusūdhanan

Mathsya,Kūrma,Varāha Avadhāram
Maṇṇai Alandavan Maga Māyan

Acchan Thavirthu Śhouriya Rāyan
Harinārāyaṇa Kautthuvame

 

Meaning:

The item is a kautthuvam dedicated to Viṣhṇu. The poet,says that the very rhythm of this kautthuvam has a mystic power of granting the devotee the vision of Viṣhṇu.

 

Othida Hāram Uḍaiyavar Āḍa
Urudhiyai Vānavar Othidave
Kundha Kukundha Kukundhari Kiḍathaka
Mutthu Māri Pillaiyār Naga Jaga


Othida - ?? in this context;  Hāram – chain

 Uḍaiyavar – those who have; Āḍa – dancing;


Urudhiyai – firmness; Vānavar – those in heaven; Othidave?? in this context
Kundha Kukundha Kukundhari Kiḍathaka – dance beats
Mutthu Māri Pillaiyār  - the poet of this composition; Naga Jaga– dance beats

 

This rhythm helps us obtain the knowledge and vision of Viṣhṇu
Like the angels enjoy singing and dancing, likewise, Mutthumāri Piḷḷai enjoys the dance.


74 Chathuryugam eṅgum Muzhaṅgiḍa Thaṅga Pādham Sadhuraṅgam Thoḍuṭidhum
Chakra Rāyan
74 Chathuryugam  - In the 74 cycles of the 4 Yugas;

 eṅgum – everywhere;  Muzhaṅgiḍa  - sounding;

Thaṅga Pādham – golden feet; Sadhuraṅgam  - four-armed;

Thoḍuṭidhum – holding; Chakra Rāyan – disc-wielding;

In the 74 cycles of the 4 Yugas, your golden feet are everywhere
oh, the four-handed, disc-wielding lord!

Tharaṇi Āḷāṇḍavan Chathur Vedhan
Ilaṅgai Rāvaṇan Thulaṅgā Maḍiyave
Malaṅga Maḍuseidha Madhhusūdhanan


Tharaṇi – the earth;  Āḷāṇḍavan – the person who rule;

Chathur Vedhan – the form of the four Vedhas;
Ilaṅgai Rāvaṇan - Rāvaṇa of Lanka;  Thulaṅgā – not to win; Maḍiyave – to die
Malaṅga -?? Maḍu – pond; seidha – having done;

 Madhhusūdhanan – the killer of demon by name Madhhu

He is the one who spanned the universe, the embodiment of the four Vedhas. He was responsible for the death of Rāvaṇa of Lanka. He created the deep pool? and slayed Madhhu.
Note:

I don't know what the reference to the pool means. It may indirectly refer to the bridge

 (Rāma sethu) created across the Palk straits between India and Sri Lanka.

Mathsya,Kūrma,Varāha Avadhāram
Maṇṇai Alandavan Maga Māyan
Acchan Thavirthu Śhouriya Rāyan
Harinārāyaṇa Kautthuvame

 

Mathsya – Fish; Kūrma – Tortoise;

Varāha – Boar; Avadhāram - Incarnation
Maṇṇai  - the earth; Alandavan – one who measured;

 Magā –very;  Māyan – magical one;charmimg
Acchan – fear;  Thavirthu – to remove;  Śhouriya Rāyan – the brave lord
Harinārāyaṇa Kautthuvame – prayer to Harinārāyaṇa.

 

He incarnated as the fish, turtle, and the boar. He is the great charmer who spanned the universe. He abolished our fear. This is a prayer to Harinārāyaṇa, our brave Lord.

 

Note:

Given below is the continuous translation of the prayer and a You Tube link to view this Kautthuvam being performed.

 

Video - Http://Www.Youtube.Com/Watch?V=Plrt6r-Zf0w

 

This rhythm helps us obtain the knowledge and vision of Viṣhṇu
Like the angels enjoy dancing, likewise, Mutthumāri Piḷḷai enjoys the dance.
In the 74 cycles of the 4 Yugas, your golden feet are everywhere
oh, the four-handed, disc-wielding lord!
Ruler of the world, he is the 4 Vedhas. Effortlessly, he destroyed the Rāvaṇa of Lankā
the slayer of the demon Madhhu,
oh wizard, you assumed the forms of fish, turtle, boar, dwarf that measured the land
oh, you are the beautiful one!
Oh fearless one, who has beautiful hair.
You are the one who shines like gold,you are the god-man.

 



 

1 Viṣhṇu Kautthuvam click here












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