Pronunciation and Phonetics

Learning proper pronunciation can be done without much knowledge of phonetics, actually. A basic knowledge, however, helps to make pronunciation clearer and thus facilitates the process of learning how to speak a foreign language properly.

eAmbalam introduces a phonetic chart which is based on Dhevanagari script. The sounds of vowels and consonants and other speech sounds in Sanskrit and the languages which have completely or mostly borrowed from it can be covered with the help of the chart. A few other sounds common to some languages in this group and outside are also put in. Unique sounds of some languages are specified too.

Diacritical marks are used to aid perfect pronunciation. World over, these marks have been created and propagated by scholars to make understanding of the differences in speech sounds in different languages better. Team eAmbalam also has created a phonetic chart which helps even first timers to pronounce words accurately.

Our Phonetic chart is unique, comprehensive, learner friendly and is divided into four columns wherein:
  • In the first column, the letter is written with the associated diacritical mark.
  • In the second column, an example is given in Dhevanagari language containing the letter.
  • In the third column, an example is given in English, which contains the sound closes to the letter or instructions in few cases, to facilitate better understanding.
  • In the fourth column, an audio button is placed with the help of which you can hear the actual pronunciation of the letter.
An open minded approach with the above introduction and guidelines will definitely enable the user to understand the speech sounds of any language and pronounce it like a native, which is eAmbalam’s aim in this exercise.

  VOWELS  
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
A or a Aḍavu Arise
Ā or ā Ānanda Vast
I or i Indhira Sing
Ī or ī Īśha Meal
U or u U ṣhā Good
Ū or ū Ū rdhhva Boost
R or r Riṣh i Try
Ṛ or ṛ Ni ṛ uti Grr!
Lr or lr   Pronounce L and R together.
E or e Eka Ate
AI or ai Aikya Sight
O or o Ojas Robe
AU or au Audh ā rya Now
A M or am Śhiva m Drum
A HA or aha R ā ma ha Aha!
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English


CONSONANTS
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
KA or ka Kavi Car
KHA or kha Khalu Mark -Him
GA or ga Gamana Gut
GHA or gha Ghata Ugh!
Ṅ A or ṅa Tura ṅ ga Ring
CHA or ca Chakra Chart
CHHA or cha Chhandas Branch
JA or ja Jagath Jug
JHA or jha Jhallari Fudge
NYA or nya Gnyana Knew
Ṭ A or ṭ Ṭ anka Top
ṬHA or ṭha Pāṭha Pothole
ḌA or da Ḍ amaruka Dog
Ḍ HA or ḍ ha Mūḍ ha Madhouse
Ṇ A or ṇ a Ga ṇ a Wander
THA or tha Thanu Health
THHA or thha Athha Theater
DHA or dha Dha śha This
DHHA or dhha Dhhana m Dha with an additional H sound
NA or na Namask ā raha Nut
PA or pa   Path ā ka Past
PHA or pha Phala m P with a H sound
BA or ba Bandhhu Ball
BHA or bha Bhadra Abhor
MA or ma Manas Money
YA or ya Yama Yummy
RA or ra Rajas Rub
LA or la Lath ā Lust
VA or WA, va /wa A śh va or A śhwa Water/Valour
ŚHA or śha Śhakthi Shutter
ṢHA or ṣ ha Ṣh a ṇ mukha Shunt
SA or sa Sarasvatī Sun
HA or ha Hari Hum
Ḷ A or ḷ a Ar āḷ a Bold
KṢHA or k ṣ ha Ak ṣh i Try to pronounce Ka, Sa & Ha – all at one time.
Extra Vowels in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam Scripts    
É or é Éṇi Angel
Ō or ō Ō m Ō M
ZHA Exclusive to Tamil & Malayalam Fold the tip of your tongue backwards and try to pronounce it with the aid of the audio button.
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English

Lyrics and Meanings (Shabdam)

Śhabdham means sound or noise. Śhabdham has Lyrics, melody and rhythm.

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Lyrics and Meanings (Shabdam)

Śhabdham means sound or noise. Śhabdham has Lyrics, melody and rhythm.

In this item the compositions with words and meanings are introduced. Abhinaya (facial expression) for the first time is introduced in the repertoire. The Abhinaya composed to simple lyrics is usually separated by easy kōrvais. The foot work along with Abhinaya is quite challenging.This is the only instance where the syllables are sung. Generally it’s like telling a synopsis in the first line then giving a description in the later repetitions. The number of stanzas can vary from 3 to 5. Each stanza can contain a different story of all of them put together is one single story. But essentially it’s about one person, one theme. It’s usually composed in Rāgamālika (consisting of different melodies) and Miśhrachāpu thāḷa (7 beats)

Initially Śhabdhams were composed and rendered in one rāga, perhaps Kāmboji. But it is now a common practice to use one Rāga for each stanza and present the composition in Rāgamālikā.

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Posted By: Administrator

Rāga: Rāgamālikā

Tāḷa: Miśhrachāpu

Composer: Tanjore Quartet

Language: Thelugu

Meaning – Word by word: ?

Meaning – Overall: Team Ambalam

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

 

 

 

Pallavi:

Gokulāmbudhi Chandhra Sundhara Gopikājana Brindha Śhubhakara

Gopaveśhadhhara Abhhayaṅkara Kaugalinchu Guṇakara


Charaṇam 1

Mandhahāsamu Pādhāravindhamu Kundha Mādhhava Nandhaka Muni Brindha Nuthu Govindha Vandhyuḍa Santhathambuna Jenthura


Charaṇam 2

Chāla Ninnune Korivacchiti Chārarasika Śhironmaṇi Ikanela Thāmasayalara

Ghanaśhyāmala Thāla Jālara

 

Charanam 3

Kunkumāṅgitha Kumbhha Kuchadhhara Kambu Kandhara Kinchugāthra
Kommara Ninnu Chovicchera Karunimchara Krishna Dhevarāya.

 

Meaning:

 

Gokulāmbudhi Chandhra Sundhara Gopikājana Brindha Śhubhakara

Gopaveśhadhhara Abhhayaṅkara Kaugalinchu Guṇakara

 

Gokulāmbudhi: The Ocean Like Gokula Clan

Chandhra – The Moon;

Sundhara- Beautiful

Gopikājana Brindha -  Cow-Herd Girl; 'Surrounded By Many People

Shubhakara – Beneficent

Gopaveśhadhhara  - Donned The Form Of A Cowherd

Abhhayaṅkara  - 'One Who Provides Safety'

Kaugalinchu  – To Embrace

Guṇakara - 'Mine Of Virtues'

 

You are like the beautiful moon to the ocean like Gokula clan and surrounded by the cowherd girls. You are the one, who is a mine of virtues and who provides safety to us having donned the form of a cowherd.

 

 

Mandhahāsamu Pādhāravindhamu Kundha Mādhhava Nandhaka Muni Brindha

Nuthu Govindha Vandhyuḍa Santhathambuna Jenthura

 

Mandhahāsamu  - Charming/Pleasant/ Gentle Smile

Mukunda - 'Giver Of Freedom'

Mādhhava - Lord Of Fortune And Also Slayer Of The Demon Madhu

Nandhaka - Name Of Krishna’s Sword.

 Muni – Sages

Vrinda - 'Surrounded By Many

Govindha - Friend Of The Cows, He Who Pleases The Cows

Vandhyuḍa    Saluted By

Santatham – Ceaselessly

 

O slayer of the demon Madhhu, who has a pleasant smile, surrounded by many, friend of the cows & cowherds, I salute you ceaselessly.

 

Note: The 5 Weapons Of Vishnu Have Particular Names And "Nandhaka" Is Indeed The Name Of His Sword. The Other Names Are: Chakram – Sudarśhana; Shankhham – Pānchajanya; Bow – Sharṅga; Mace (Gadha) - Kaumodhaki

 

 

Chāla Ninnune Korivacchiti Chārarasika Śhironmaṇi Ikanela Thāmasayalara

Ghanaśhyāmala Thāla Jālara

 

Chāla - 'Too Much' ;

Ninnune – You

Kori – Seek ;

Vacchithi – Came

Chāra– Girl

Rasika - One Who Can Enjoy The Rasa [Aesthetic Emotion]

Śhironmaṇi - Excellence Or The Highest Quality'

Ikanela – Now, Why?

Thāmasayalara  - Tamas – Laziness; Yalara – Why

Ghanaśhyāmala - "Stormy Skies" Or "Dark Heavens" ("Shyam" For "Dark" And "Ghana" For "Sky").

(Lord Krishna Was So Nicknamed Because Of His Dark Complexion.)

Thāla Jālara – Cannot Bear

 

The girls seek you a lot as you are an excellent charmer; why this laziness to come now, O dark complexioned one?

 

Kunkumāṅgitha Kumbhha Kuchadhhara Kambu Kandhara Kinchugāthra
Kommara Ninnu Chovicchera Karunimchara Kriṣhṇa Dhevarāya.

 

Kunkumāṅgitha – Red Color Vermillion; Ankita - 'With Auspicious Marks'

Kumbhha – Pot Like

Kuchadhhara – Chest

Kambu – Conch; Kandhara – Neck

Kinchu – Small; 

gāthra- Body

Kommara – Name Of A place In West Godavari District In Andhra Pradesh State Of India

Ninnu - You

Chovi – That women

cchera – Will U Give

Karuninchara – Be Compassionate

Krishna Dhevarāya – Name Of The King

 

You wear a red coloured auspicious mark, your neck resembles a conch; your chest is like that of a pot; you have a trim body; be compassionate to the women, O Kriṣhṇa Dhevarāya.

 

1 Gokulāmbudhi click here












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