Pronunciation and Phonetics

Learning proper pronunciation can be done without much knowledge of phonetics, actually. A basic knowledge, however, helps to make pronunciation clearer and thus facilitates the process of learning how to speak a foreign language properly.

eAmbalam introduces a phonetic chart which is based on Dhevanagari script. The sounds of vowels and consonants and other speech sounds in Sanskrit and the languages which have completely or mostly borrowed from it can be covered with the help of the chart. A few other sounds common to some languages in this group and outside are also put in. Unique sounds of some languages are specified too.

Diacritical marks are used to aid perfect pronunciation. World over, these marks have been created and propagated by scholars to make understanding of the differences in speech sounds in different languages better. Team eAmbalam also has created a phonetic chart which helps even first timers to pronounce words accurately.

Our Phonetic chart is unique, comprehensive, learner friendly and is divided into four columns wherein:
  • In the first column, the letter is written with the associated diacritical mark.
  • In the second column, an example is given in Dhevanagari language containing the letter.
  • In the third column, an example is given in English, which contains the sound closes to the letter or instructions in few cases, to facilitate better understanding.
  • In the fourth column, an audio button is placed with the help of which you can hear the actual pronunciation of the letter.
An open minded approach with the above introduction and guidelines will definitely enable the user to understand the speech sounds of any language and pronounce it like a native, which is eAmbalam’s aim in this exercise.

  VOWELS  
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
A or a Aḍavu Arise
Ā or ā Ānanda Vast
I or i Indhira Sing
Ī or ī Īśha Meal
U or u U ṣhā Good
Ū or ū Ū rdhhva Boost
R or r Riṣh i Try
Ṛ or ṛ Ni ṛ uti Grr!
Lr or lr   Pronounce L and R together.
E or e Eka Ate
AI or ai Aikya Sight
O or o Ojas Robe
AU or au Audh ā rya Now
A M or am Śhiva m Drum
A HA or aha R ā ma ha Aha!
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English


CONSONANTS
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
KA or ka Kavi Car
KHA or kha Khalu Mark -Him
GA or ga Gamana Gut
GHA or gha Ghata Ugh!
Ṅ A or ṅa Tura ṅ ga Ring
CHA or ca Chakra Chart
CHHA or cha Chhandas Branch
JA or ja Jagath Jug
JHA or jha Jhallari Fudge
NYA or nya Gnyana Knew
Ṭ A or ṭ Ṭ anka Top
ṬHA or ṭha Pāṭha Pothole
ḌA or da Ḍ amaruka Dog
Ḍ HA or ḍ ha Mūḍ ha Madhouse
Ṇ A or ṇ a Ga ṇ a Wander
THA or tha Thanu Health
THHA or thha Athha Theater
DHA or dha Dha śha This
DHHA or dhha Dhhana m Dha with an additional H sound
NA or na Namask ā raha Nut
PA or pa   Path ā ka Past
PHA or pha Phala m P with a H sound
BA or ba Bandhhu Ball
BHA or bha Bhadra Abhor
MA or ma Manas Money
YA or ya Yama Yummy
RA or ra Rajas Rub
LA or la Lath ā Lust
VA or WA, va /wa A śh va or A śhwa Water/Valour
ŚHA or śha Śhakthi Shutter
ṢHA or ṣ ha Ṣh a ṇ mukha Shunt
SA or sa Sarasvatī Sun
HA or ha Hari Hum
Ḷ A or ḷ a Ar āḷ a Bold
KṢHA or k ṣ ha Ak ṣh i Try to pronounce Ka, Sa & Ha – all at one time.
Extra Vowels in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam Scripts    
É or é Éṇi Angel
Ō or ō Ō m Ō M
ZHA Exclusive to Tamil & Malayalam Fold the tip of your tongue backwards and try to pronounce it with the aid of the audio button.
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English

Lyrics and Meanings (Keerthana)

Śhrī Purandharadhāsa was in a way, the founder of Kīrthana form which it its melody is based on technical compositions like Gītha whose purpose is to elucidate Rāga forms and Thāḷa patterns.

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Lyrics and Meanings (Keerthana)

Śhrī Purandharadhāsa was in a way, the founder of Kīrthana form which it its melody is based on technical compositions like Gītha whose purpose is to elucidate Rāga forms and Thāḷa patterns. The emphasis in the Kīrthanas is on its aesthetic excellence and that is why it is considered as the most important part of Karnātic classical music. It was the genius of Śhrī Purandharadhāsa that created Kīrthanas on the basis of which Kruthi form was evolved.

The great master composers who came after Śhrī Purandharadhāsa faithfully followed the tradition and form which he established. The Rāga and Thāḷa aspects are followed by composers like Dīkṣhitar and Śhāma Śhāsthri and purely Rāga aspects by composers like Kśhethragna. But it was Thyāgarāja who brought out the fullest measure all the three aspects – Rāga, Bhāva and Thāḷa of the tradition, founded by Śhrī Purandharadhāsa.

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Posted By: Administrator

Rāga: Sindhu Bhairavi

Thāḷa: Ādhi
Composer: Purandhara Dhāsa
Language: Sanskrit

Meanings –Word by word & overall: R.Shankar – rasikas.org

(Meanings –Word by word & overall: Charaṇam 1 – Team Ambalam)

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

 

 

 

Pallavi

Venkaṭāchala Nilayam Vaikunṭha Pura Vāsam
Pankaja Nethram Parama Pavithram
Śhankha Chakra Dhhara Chinmaya Rūpam
Venkaṭāchala Nilayam Vaikunṭha Pura Vāsam

 

Anupallavi

Ambujodhbhava Vinutham Agaṇitha Guṇa Nāmam
Thumburh Nāradha Gaṇa Vilolam Ambudhiśhayanam Āthmābhirāmam
Venkaṭāchala Nilayam Vaikunṭha Pura Vāsam

 

Charaṇam 1

Pāhi Pāṇḍava Pakṣham Kaurava Madhaharaṇam
Bahu Parākrama Pūrṇam
Ahalyā Śhāpa Bhaya Nivāraṇam
Venkaṭāchala Nilayam Vaikunṭha Pura Vāsam

 

Charaṇam 2

Sakala Vedha Vichāram Sarvajīvana Karam
Makara Kunḍala Dhhara Madhana Gopālam
Bhaktha Pośhaka Śhrī Purandhhara Viṭhalam
Venkaṭāchala Nilayam Vaikunṭha Pura Vāsam

 

Meanings:

 

Pallavi

Venkaṭāchala Nilayam Vaikunṭha Pura Vāsam
Pankaja Nethram Parama Pavithram
Śhankha Chakra Dhhara Chinmaya Rūpam
(Venkaṭāchala Nilayam Vaikunṭha Pura Vāsam )


Venkaṭāchala Nilayam = the one who is established in Venkaṭāchala  (Thirupathi);
Vaikunṭha Pura Vāsam =  one who is the resident of Vaikunțha ;

Pankaja Nethram = with lovely, long eyes like a lotus;

Parama Pavithram = is also the supremely sacred one;
Śhankha Chakra Dhhara = holding the conch (Pānchajanyam) and wields the discus (Sudharśhana Chakram) ;
Chinmaya Rūpam =  embodies the spiritual presence.

 

He, who lives on the Venkata mountain; he who lives in Vaikunțha; he, who has lotus like eyes, he who is divinely pure, he who has the divine form, carrying the conch and the wheel.
 

Anupallavi

Ambujodhbhava Vinutham Agaṇitha Guṇa Nāmam
Thumburh Nāradha Gaṇa Vilolam Ambudhiśhayanam Āthmābhirāmam
(Venkaṭāchala Nilayam Vaikunṭha Pura Vāsam)


Ambujodhbhava

Vinutham = one who is praised by Brahmā ;

Agaṇitha =

Guṇa Nāmam = one whose very name symbolizes countless sterling character traits;
Thumburu Nāradha

Gāna

Vilolam = one who delights in the music/song of the celestial bards like Nāradha

He who is worshipped by Brahma, he who has innumerable names and characters,
he who enjoys music by Nāradha and Thumburu.

 

Note: Ambujodhbhava - originating - udhbhava - from a lotus - ambuja - in Vishnu's navel - hence Padhmanābha - Annamāchārya refers to this in his Mohanam krithi - cheri yaśhodhaku śhiśhu īthaḍu, dhāruni brahmaku thanriyunīthaḍe - he is the son of Yaśhodhā and the father of Brahmā)

Charaṇam 1:

Pāhi Pāṇḍava Pakṣham Kaurava Madhaharaṇam
Bahu Parākrama Pūrṇam
Ahalyā Śhāpa Bhaya Nivāraṇam
(Venkaṭāchala Nilayam Vaikunṭha Pura Vāsam )

 

Pāhi

Pāṇḍava Pakṣham - Protector of the Pāṇḍavas;

Kaurava

Madha

haraṇam – the destroyer of the arrogance of the Kauravas;

Bahu

Parākrama

Pūrṇam – one who is completely strong;
Ahalyā

Śhāpa

Bhaya

Nivāraṇam – the remover of fear of the curse of Ahalyā.

 

The protector of the Pāṇḍavas, the destroyer of the arrogance of the Kauravas, one who is completely strong and the remover of fear of the curse of Ahalyā.

 

Charaṇam2:

Sakala Vedha Vichāram Sarvajīvana Karam
Makara Kunḍala Dhhara Madhana Gopālam
Bhaktha Pośhaka Śhrī Purandhhara Viṭhalam
(Venkaṭāchala Nilayam Vaikunṭha Pura Vāsam )


Sakala Vedha

Vichāram – the subject of all Vedhas;

Sarvajīvana Karam - the cause of all life;

Makara Kunḍala

Dhhara = adorned with crocodile shaped ear-rings;

Madhana Gopālam = you are the handsome one and you who herded cows;

Bhaktha

Pośhaka

Śhrī Purandhhara Viṭṭhalam = you are Śhrī Purandhhara Viṭṭhala, who protects his devotees

 

The Gopala who is the subject of all Vedhas, the cause for all life, who is like the god of love, who herds cows, who wears golden ear studs which are crocodile shaped, that  Purandhara Viṭțhala who looks after devotees.(he resides in the mountains of Thirupathi)

Note: I have also heard that go can also mean senses, and hence Gopāl not only herded cows in Bhrundhāvan during Dhwāparayuga, but continues to herd our senses in Kaliyuga.

 

 

1 Venkaṭāchala Nilayam click here












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